What does the term "inert gas" refer to?

The term "inert gas" refers to gases that do not readily undergo chemical reactions under a set of given conditions. These gases have a very stable electron configuration, which makes them less likely to form chemical bonds with other substances. This stability allows inert gases to be used in various applications where chemical reactivity needs to be minimized. For instance, they are often utilized in environments that require a protective atmosphere to prevent reactions, such as in welding or in scientific experiments where sensitive materials are handled.

Inert gases are typically found in the noble gases category, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. Their chemical inertness is a critical property that distinguishes them from other types of gases, allowing them to serve specific purposes without influencing chemical processes.